diff --git a/init.lua b/init.lua
index 5e48247..e4fc4ba 100644
--- a/init.lua
+++ b/init.lua
@@ -385,10 +385,61 @@ function M.tile_at(a, b, c)
     return m.tilemap.tiles[palette_id]
 end
 
+-- v2 walkability: surface non-empty AND no blocking wall
 function M.is_walkable(a, b, c)
-    local t = M.tile_at(a, b, c)
-    if t == nil then return false end
-    return t.walkable == true
+    local map_id, tx, ty
+    if c == nil then
+        map_id, tx, ty = current_map_id, a, b
+    else
+        map_id, tx, ty = a, b, c
+        if map_id == nil then map_id = current_map_id end
+    end
+    if not map_id then
+        error("maps.is_walkable: no current map")
+    end
+    local m = map_registry[map_id]
+    if m.schema_version ~= 2 then
+        -- v1 fallback: surface-only walkability via legacy tile_at
+        local t = M.tile_at(map_id, tx, ty)
+        if t == nil then return false end
+        return t.walkable == true
+    end
+    -- v2: needs surface tile present AND lower_wall/wall absent
+    local surface = M.tile_at_layer("surface", tx, ty, map_id)
+    if surface == nil then return false end
+    if M.cell_gid("lower_wall", tx, ty, map_id) ~= 0 then return false end
+    if M.cell_gid("wall",       tx, ty, map_id) ~= 0 then return false end
+    return surface.walkable == true
+end
+
+function M.blocks_walk(x, y, map_id)
+    local id = map_id or current_map_id
+    if not id then error("maps.blocks_walk: no current map") end
+    local m = map_registry[id]
+    if x < 0 or x >= m.size.w or y < 0 or y >= m.size.h then return false end
+    if M.cell_gid("lower_wall", x, y, id) ~= 0 then return true end
+    if M.cell_gid("wall",       x, y, id) ~= 0 then return true end
+    return false
+end
+
+function M.blocks_sight(x, y, map_id)
+    local id = map_id or current_map_id
+    if not id then error("maps.blocks_sight: no current map") end
+    local m = map_registry[id]
+    if x < 0 or x >= m.size.w or y < 0 or y >= m.size.h then return false end
+    if M.cell_gid("wall", x, y, id) ~= 0 then return true end
+    -- upper_wall: per-tile blocks_sight flag in atlas metadata; default true for walls
+    local up_gid = M.cell_gid("upper_wall", x, y, id)
+    if up_gid ~= 0 then
+        local atlas_idx, tile_id, _rot = decode_gid(up_gid)
+        local atlas = m.atlases[atlas_idx + 1]
+        local tile = atlas and atlas.tiles[tile_id]
+        if tile and tile.blocks_sight == false then
+            return false
+        end
+        return true
+    end
+    return false
 end
 
 function M.tilemap_id(map_id)